{"id":24901,"date":"2025-05-30T12:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-05-30T12:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lhi.is\/?post_type=threads&p=24901"},"modified":"2026-05-11T14:06:02","modified_gmt":"2026-05-11T14:06:02","slug":"professor-chat","status":"publish","type":"threads","link":"https:\/\/www.lhi.is\/en\/thraedir\/thraedir-tolublad-10\/professoraspjall\/","title":{"rendered":"Professor talk about topics - from raw materials to subject?\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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A<\/span>tli <\/span>I<\/span>ng\u00f3lfsson<\/span> & E<\/span>inar <\/span>T<\/span>orfi <\/span>E<\/span>inarsson<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u00c1 \u00edslensku t\u00f6lum vi\u00f0 gjarnan um efni \u00ed \u00fdmsum skilningi: hr\u00e1efni, a\u00f0hl\u00e1tursefni, leysiefni, m\u00e1lefni, e\u00f0a vi\u00f0fangsefni, o.fl. Innan t\u00f3nlistar, og \u00fe\u00e1 s\u00e9rstaklega t\u00f3nsm\u00ed\u00f0a og t\u00f3nfr\u00e6\u00f0a, hefur \u00feetta or\u00f0 vissa sk\u00edrskotun \u00ed efnivi\u00f0 sem nota\u00f0ur er til sk\u00f6punar, til sm\u00ed\u00f0i, en jafnframt hvernig t\u00f3nlist getur fjalla\u00f0 um eitthva\u00f0 e\u00f0a tekist \u00e1 vi\u00f0 eitthva\u00f0 vi\u00f0fangsefni. \u00deessi efni eru \u00fev\u00ed \u00f3l\u00edk e\u00f0lis og hafa \u00f3l\u00edka birtingarmynd. Hugmyndin me\u00f0 \u00feessu spjalli er a\u00f0 skerpa a\u00f0eins \u00e1 \u00feeim efnum sem t\u00f3nlist getur unni\u00f0 \u00far og\/e\u00f0a teki\u00f0 s\u00e9r til sko\u00f0unar. Vi\u00f0 spyrjum \u00fev\u00ed <\/span>\u201ehva<\/span>\u00f0\u201c og kannski \u201ehvernig\u201c en eflaust ekki \u201eaf hverju\u201c, stundum t\u00e6knilega og stundum heimspekilega.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

ETE<\/strong>: …En Atli, svona til a\u00f0 byrja einhvers sta\u00f0ar: er t\u00f3nlist \u00e1kve\u00f0in efnafr\u00e6\u00f0i, e\u00f0a frekar byggingaverkfr\u00e6\u00f0i \/ arkitekt\u00far, og hvert v\u00e6ri \u00fe\u00e1 grunnefni t\u00f3nlistar og v\u00e6ri \u00fea\u00f0 eitthva\u00f0 anna\u00f0 en hr\u00e1efni?<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

AI<\/strong>: \u00deetta er \u00f3\u00fe\u00e6gilega g\u00f3\u00f0 spurning. \u00cd \u00fea\u00f0 minnsta finnst m\u00f6rgum eflaust \u00feungt a\u00f0 r\u00fdna um of \u00ed hana, eins og \u00feeir \u00e6ttu a\u00f0 fara a\u00f0 hugsa st\u00f6\u00f0ugt um eigi\u00f0 g\u00f6ngulag \u00e1 me\u00f0an \u00feeir ganga. \u00de\u00fa veist, allt \u00feetta me\u00f0 e\u00f0lilega tj\u00e1ningu o.s.frv. En \u00fea\u00f0 vill svo til a\u00f0 \u00feeir sem l\u00e6ra t\u00f3nsm\u00ed\u00f0ar \u00feurfa a\u00f0 velta \u00feessu fyrir s\u00e9r.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c1\u00f0ur en lengra er haldi\u00f0 mundi \u00e9g vilja athuga hvort vi\u00f0 erum samm\u00e1la um a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a \u00e1 \u00feennan h\u00e1tt um t\u00f3nlist, a\u00f0 \u00fear komi einhver hugmynd um <\/span>efni<\/span><\/i> vi\u00f0 s\u00f6gu, s\u00e9 svol\u00edtil n\u00fdlunda \u00ed t\u00f3nlistars\u00f6gunni \u2013 afsprengi 20. aldarinnar.\u00a0 Fram a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed var j\u00fa t\u00f3nlist alltaf tengd meira vi\u00f0 tungum\u00e1l, me\u00f0 stefjum (or\u00f0um) og hendingum (setningum).<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

ETE<\/strong>: <\/span>\u00deetta er vafalaust n\u00fdst\u00e1rlegt sj\u00f3narhorn og yfirleitt bendla\u00f0 vi\u00f0 upphaf m\u00f3dernismans, ekki satt, sem neyddist til a\u00f0 skapa s\u00e9r sinn eiginn gu\u00f0d\u00f3m e\u00f0a heilagleika. \u00dev\u00ed m\u00e6tti kannski segja a\u00f0 me\u00f0 or\u00f0um Nietzsches um dau\u00f0a gu\u00f0s hefji efni\u00f0 sm\u00e1tt og sm\u00e1tt innrei\u00f0 s\u00edna sem n\u00fdr grunnur veruleikans \u2013 \u00fev\u00ed ekki skal gleyma a\u00f0 t\u00f3nlistin kom \u00e1 \u00f6ldum \u00e1\u00f0ur fr\u00e1 gu\u00f0d\u00f3mnum. Mig minnir a\u00f0 \u00ed fyrirlestrum Anton Weberns hafi hann tala\u00f0 um t\u00f3ninn e\u00f0a jafnvel n\u00f3tuna sem efni t\u00f3nlistar (\u201edas Material\u201c), en m\u00f6gulega eru \u00f6nnur ford\u00e6mi.[1]<\/a><\/span> \u00dea\u00f0 er forvitnilegt a\u00f0 hugsa til \u00feess a\u00f0 form\u00f3dern\u00edsk t\u00f3nlist hugsa\u00f0i kannski ekki um efni \u00fev\u00ed formger\u00f0ir voru \u00fea\u00f0 st\u00edfar og t\u00f3nlistin svo miki\u00f0 tungum\u00e1l a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 hreinlega var ekki h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 hugsa um eitthva\u00f0 anna\u00f0 en stef og setningar sem p\u00f6ssu\u00f0u inn \u00ed ramma formsins. Vi\u00f0, n\u00fat\u00edmaf\u00f3lki\u00f0, getum samt horft \u00e1 \u00fea\u00f0 sem efni, \u00feeas. form\u00f3dern\u00edskt efni samanst\u00f3\u00f0 af stefjum og hendingum, \u00fe\u00f3 \u00fea\u00f0 stangist \u00e1 vi\u00f0 hvernig f\u00f3lk hugsa\u00f0i. En \u00fea\u00f0 er kannski ekki grunnefni n\u00e9 hr\u00e1efni og \u00fev\u00ed eflaust engin efnafr\u00e6\u00f0i? Erum vi\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1 a\u00f0 segja a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 \u00feurfum hrun t\u00f3ntegundakerfisins,e\u00f0a frelsun fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed yfirvaldi, til a\u00f0 hefja hugsun um grunnefni og einhvers konar efnafr\u00e6\u00f0i?<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

AI<\/strong>: J\u00e1, \u00fea\u00f0 var \u00feessi tilfinning fyrir n\u00fdju upphafi sem leiddi \u00feetta sj\u00f3narhorn af s\u00e9r. Allt \u00ed einu var m\u00fas\u00edk ekki lag og hlj\u00f3mar heldur <\/span>str\u00fakt\u00far<\/span><\/i>…og au\u00f0vita\u00f0 var\u00f0 til n\u00fdtt yfirvald sem ger\u00f0i \u00feetta a\u00f0 tr\u00faarsetningu. Tr\u00faarsetningu sem m\u00f3ta\u00f0i okkur \u00f6ll og r\u00e9\u00f0i r\u00edkjum lengi vel, \u00fe\u00f3tt m\u00e9r finnist vi\u00f0 reyndar komin \u00e1 annan sta\u00f0 n\u00fana, \u00e1 \u201ep\u00f3st-mater\u00edal\u201c t\u00edmum.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00dev\u00ed m\u00e1 \u00fe\u00f3 ekki gleyma a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00f3tt \u00feessi or\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0a hafi veri\u00f0 n\u00fd af n\u00e1linni m\u00e1 alveg yfirf\u00e6ra hana \u00e1 \u00fdmislegt \u00ed eldri t\u00f3nlist. Bach hef\u00f0i n\u00fa ekki skili\u00f0 miki\u00f0 \u00ed einhverju tali um <\/span>efni<\/span><\/i>, en sko\u00f0um svo hvernig hann setur saman sum verka sinna: \u00c1 bak vi\u00f0 \u00feau liggur heilmikil vinna sem er hrein samsetningarfr\u00e6\u00f0i. \u00dea\u00f0 er ekki m\u00fas\u00edkalskur innbl\u00e1stur sem lei\u00f0ir af s\u00e9r Goldberg var\u00edasj\u00f3nirnar heldur byggingarlist og \u00fatreikningar. Svo ver\u00f0ur \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 d\u00fdr\u00f0legri t\u00f3nlist \u00feegar hann tekur formin og t\u00f6flurnar og b\u00fdr til \u00far \u00feeim heyranlegt yfirbor\u00f0. Sj\u00e1 l\u00edka fj\u00f6lr\u00f6ddunarmeistara, Ockgeghem og \u00fe\u00e1 alla. \u00deeir \u00e1ttu \u00ed f\u00f3rum s\u00ednum alls konar t\u00f6flur og skapal\u00f3n til a\u00f0 vinna me\u00f0 t\u00f3nana, e\u00f0a b\u00faa til <\/span>efni<\/span><\/i>, eins og vi\u00f0 mundum segja \u00ed dag.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

ETE<\/strong>: Miki\u00f0 r\u00e9tt, en b\u00edddu n\u00fa h\u00e6gur, h\u00e9rna \u00feurfum vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 greina \u00ed sundur efni annars vegar og skapal\u00f3n\/t\u00f6flur hins vegar \u2013 svo nefnir\u00f0u \u201eyfirbor\u00f0\u201c sem \u00fearfnast eflaust s\u00e9rstakrar yfirfer\u00f0ar. T\u00f6kum efni og t\u00f6flur; \u00feessar umr\u00e6ddu t\u00f6flur bjuggu til meira efni tengdu \u00e1kve\u00f0nu grunnefni sem kom yfirleitt \u00ed formi m\u00f3t\u00edfs, ekki satt? \u00deessu er kannski \u00f6\u00f0ruv\u00edsi fari\u00f0 \u00e1 20. \u00f6ldinni \u00fear sem umgj\u00f6r\u00f0 efnisins var \u201eallt \u00ed einu\u201c horfin, \u00feannig s\u00e9\u00f0 formlaus, \u00feeas. ekki endilega sem m\u00f3t\u00edf \u00ed t\u00f3ntegund (kirkju- e\u00f0a d\u00far\/moll-t\u00f3ntegund). \u00deannig s\u00e9\u00f0 \u00feurfti \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 hanna e\u00f0a sm\u00ed\u00f0a og sn\u00ed\u00f0a t\u00f3nunum n\u00fdtt samhengi, e\u00f0a umhverfi. \u00deetta er eins konar endurn\u00fdja\u00f0 (ofur)vald sem setur n\u00fdja \u00e1herslu og kr\u00f6fu (e\u00f0a kr\u00edsu) \u00e1 smi\u00f0inn sem f\u00e6r n\u00fa bara grunnefni \u00ed formi (hr\u00e1rra) t\u00f3na. En skapal\u00f3nin[2]<\/a><\/span> sem h\u00f6nnu\u00f0 voru fyrr \u00e1 \u00f6ldum komu samt a\u00f0 g\u00f3\u00f0um notum \u00fe\u00e1, ekki satt? En getum vi\u00f0 l\u00edkt \u00feessu vi\u00f0 efnafr\u00e6\u00f0ina (e\u00f0a kennt henni jafnvel um), og tala\u00f0 um t\u00f3nlistarlega vendingu fr\u00e1 l\u00edffr\u00e6\u00f0i (pl\u00f6ntur, d\u00fdr, l\u00edff\u00e6ri, frumur) yfir \u00ed efnafr\u00e6\u00f0i (frumefni, sameindir, j\u00f3n), \u00fea\u00f0 var n\u00e1tt\u00farulega \u00ed upphafi 20. aldarinnar sem at\u00f3mi\u00f0 sem l\u00edkan kom fyrst fram \u00e1 sj\u00f3narsvi\u00f0i\u00f0 (\u00fe\u00f3tt Lucretius haf\u00f0i tala\u00f0 um \u00fea\u00f0 \u00ed fornt\u00edmanum), \u00e1 sama \u00e1ri og Vorbl\u00f3t Stravinskys?<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

AI<\/strong>: Tjah, \u00e9g hef ekki s\u00e9\u00f0 \u00feessi verkf\u00e6ri, skapal\u00f3nin sem sumir telja fj\u00f6lr\u00f6ddunarmeistarana hafa nota\u00f0, en grunar a\u00f0 \u00feetta hafi byggt miki\u00f0 til \u00e1 t\u00f3nbilum, til d\u00e6mis listi yfir m\u00f6guleika stefjabrota \u00ed \u00fer\u00edundar-, ferundar- e\u00f0a jafnvel n\u00edundarkan\u00f3n. \u00c9g var allavega a\u00f0 meina a\u00f0 \u00fearna var mikil sm\u00ed\u00f0i \u00e1\u00f0ur en verki\u00f0 var svo \u201esami\u00f0\u201c, og rita\u00f0 \u00ed endanlegri mynd.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

En j\u00fa, 20. \u00f6ldin f\u00e6r\u00f0i okkur \u00feessa n\u00fdju \u00e1byrg\u00f0: \u00de\u00fa \u00fearft fyrst a\u00f0 b\u00faa til tungum\u00e1l, svo a\u00f0 yrkja kv\u00e6\u00f0i \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed. Eiginlega \u00ed hvert einasta sinn. N\u00fa f\u00f3r forvinnan a\u00f0 taka \u00feennan \u00f3skaplega t\u00edma, en h\u00fan gat l\u00edka veri\u00f0 d\u00fdr\u00f0leg. En \u00fdmsir bentu \u00e1 a\u00f0 \u00feessi at\u00f3m\u00edska n\u00e1lgun v\u00e6ri \u00e1 misskilningi bygg\u00f0. Ligeti segir a\u00f0 t\u00f3nlist s\u00e9 ekki ger\u00f0 \u00far hlutlausum einingum \u00fev\u00ed t\u00f3nninn sj\u00e1lfur s\u00e9 form, hann hafi upphaf mi\u00f0ju og endi og v\u00edsi \u00e1fram \u00ed t\u00edmanum. \u00dea\u00f0 s\u00e9 ekki h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 horfa fram hj\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00deessi or\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0a um efni t\u00f3nlistarinnar er hins vegar eitthva\u00f0 sem vi\u00f0 f\u00e1um \u00ed arf og hefur gefi\u00f0 manni tiltekinn sveigjanleika. Vi\u00f0 t\u00f6kum engu t\u00f3nm\u00e1li sem gefnum hlut, allt er konstr\u00fa\u00e9ra\u00f0, \u00f6llu m\u00e1 breyta og s\u00ed\u00f0ast en ekki s\u00edst: Allt getur or\u00f0i\u00f0 a\u00f0 efni.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

ETE<\/strong>: <\/span>Einmitt \u2013 \u00feetta er \u00e1hugavert me\u00f0 misskilninginn, \u00fev\u00ed au\u00f0vita\u00f0 hefur Ligeti r\u00e9tt fyrir s\u00e9r a\u00f0 t\u00f3nn s\u00e9 heill heimur (og jafnvel \u00e1\u00f0ur en t\u00f3nninn myndast), en \u201emisskilningurinn\u201c \u00e1tti samt eflaust \u00fe\u00e1tt \u00ed \u00feeirri upplj\u00f3mun, \u00feeas. \u00fea\u00f0 \u00fearf fyrst a\u00f0 str\u00edpa t\u00f3ninn til a\u00f0 sj\u00e1 hann \u00ed n\u00fdju lj\u00f3si. Ligeti er einnig \u00e1hugavert d\u00e6mi \u00fev\u00ed t\u00f3nninn hj\u00e1 honum ver\u00f0ur svo oft fruma, maur, e\u00f0a dropi \u00ed sk\u00fdi, \u00feeas. eitthva\u00f0 st\u00e6rra er sm\u00ed\u00f0a\u00f0 \u00ed kringum t\u00f3ninn. En getum vi\u00f0 kalla\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 l\u00edka efni \u2013 er sk\u00fdi\u00f0 efni \u2013 e\u00f0a eru \u00fea\u00f0 bara efnist\u00f6k?<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

AI<\/strong>: \u00deetta fer d\u00e1l\u00edti\u00f0 eftir \u00fev\u00ed hvernig vi\u00f0 skilgreinum or\u00f0i\u00f0. \u00c9g freistast til a\u00f0 segja a\u00f0 allar \u00fe\u00e6r einingar sem \u00e9g k\u00fds a\u00f0 vinna me\u00f0 s\u00e9u efni mitt. \u00de\u00e6r geta veri\u00f0 mj\u00f6g sm\u00e1ar e\u00f0a risast\u00f3rar. \u00c9g held einmitt a\u00f0 sk\u00fdi\u00f0 hj\u00e1 Ligeti s\u00e9 d\u00e6mi um efni \u00fear sem t\u00f3nsk\u00e1ldi\u00f0 hefur teki\u00f0 nokkur skref aftur \u00e1 bak og s\u00e9r verki\u00f0 \u00far meiri fjarl\u00e6g\u00f0 en \u00e1\u00f0ur, og hann m\u00f3tar \u00feessar st\u00f3ru einingar. Hj\u00e1 \u00f6\u00f0rum voru svona st\u00f3rar einingar kannski bara aflei\u00f0ing af efnisvinnu \u00e1 at\u00f3m\u00edskum skala.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

ETE<\/strong>: <\/span>\u00dea\u00f0 eru \u00feessi gamalkunnu tengsl milli \u00feess sm\u00e1 og st\u00f3ra sem f\u00e1 n\u00fdja s\u00fdn, og n\u00fdja m\u00f6guleika, eftir a\u00f0 t\u00f3nm\u00e1li\u00f0 \u00f6\u00f0last \u00feetta frelsi. En stundum brj\u00f3tast \u00feessar st\u00e6rri einingar fram \u00e1n \u00e1setnings t\u00f3nsk\u00e1ldsins; ver\u00f0ur aflei\u00f0ing eins og \u00fe\u00fa segir. \u00dea\u00f0 er l\u00edka \u00e1hugavert a\u00f0 sko\u00f0a hvernig titlar verka umbreytast \u00feegar t\u00f3nm\u00e1li\u00f0 er m\u00f3ta\u00f0 fr\u00e1 grunni af t\u00f3nsk\u00e1ldum. Fyrr \u00e1 \u00f6ldum voru \u00feetta yfirleitt s\u00f3n\u00f6tur\/f\u00fagur\/sinf\u00f3n\u00edur \u00ed X-t\u00f3ntegund e\u00f0a v\u00edsanir \u00ed s\u00f6gur\/lj\u00f3\u00f0 n\u00fa e\u00f0a hlutverk (dansar, flugeldat\u00f3nlist,…), en hj\u00e1 Ligeti (svo vi\u00f0 h\u00f6ldum okkur vi\u00f0 hann) sj\u00e1um vi\u00f0 titla eins og <\/span>Lontano<\/span><\/i> (e\u00f0a fjarl\u00e6g\u00f0). Getum vi\u00f0 tengt \u00feetta vi\u00f0 allt anna\u00f0 efni, vi\u00f0fangsefni? Sem samt sem \u00e1\u00f0ur getur m\u00f3ta\u00f0 grunnefni\u00f0, me\u00f0h\u00f6ndlun \u00feess og st\u00e6rri einingar innan verka.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

AI<\/strong>: J\u00e1, g\u00f3\u00f0ur punktur. Titillinn Lontano v\u00edsar \u00ed upplifun \u00e1heyrandans, a\u00f0 efni\u00f0 s\u00e9 \u00f3sk\u00fdrt eins og heyrt \u00far fjarl\u00e6g\u00f0, en l\u00edka vinnu h\u00f6fundarins, a\u00f0 hann horfi \u00e1 efni\u00f0 \u00far fjarl\u00e6g\u00f0.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00de\u00fa nefnir vi\u00f0fangsefni. \u00c9g nota \u00fea\u00f0 or\u00f0 i\u00f0ulega um st\u00e6rri \u00e1setning verksins, tr\u00faarlegan, andlegan, dulr\u00e6nan e\u00f0a p\u00f3lit\u00edskan. H\u00e9r \u00e1\u00f0ur var bara einstaka h\u00f6fundur sem virtist mest hr\u00e6rast \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed sv\u00e6\u00f0i efnisins (Giacinto Scelsi t.d.). Kannski er \u00feetta or\u00f0i\u00f0 t\u00ed\u00f0ara \u00ed dag. Bjarghyggja (foundationalism) ser\u00edalismans vir\u00f0ist l\u00f6ngu li\u00f0in t\u00ed\u00f0. \u00cd dag g\u00e6ti \u00e9g h\u00e6glega sami\u00f0 verk bara me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 taka s\u00fdni \u00far fj\u00f3rum barrokkd\u00f6nsum og l\u00e1ta loft\u00fer\u00fdstingsm\u00e6lingar Ve\u00f0urstofunnar st\u00fdra \u00fev\u00ed hvernig \u00feau blandast. \u00dea\u00f0 er ekki verri a\u00f0fer\u00f0 en hver \u00f6nnur, en \u00fe\u00e1 fer einmitt vi\u00f0fangsefni\u00f0 a\u00f0 ver\u00f0a mikilv\u00e6gt: Spurningin af hverju \u00e9g geri \u00fea\u00f0 sem \u00e9g geri.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

ETE<\/strong>: Vissulega, \u00feessi \u201eaf hverju\u201c spurning rammar inn vi\u00f0fangsefni\u00f0 \u00e1 sk\u00fdran h\u00e1tt en \u00e9g get l\u00edka s\u00e9\u00f0 vi\u00f0fangsefni\u00f0 sem t\u00e6knilegt e\u00f0a fagurfr\u00e6\u00f0ilegt \u00ed e\u00f0li s\u00ednu. \u00deetta er kannski spurning um t\u00falkun \u00ed vissum tilfellum \u00fev\u00ed \u00e1setningur t\u00f3nsk\u00e1ldsins r\u00edmar ekki alltaf vi\u00f0 vi\u00f0fangsefni t\u00f3nlistarinnar. T\u00f6kum d\u00e6mi\u00f0 \u00feitt \u00fear sem loft\u00fer\u00fdstingsm\u00e6lingar st\u00fdra barokks\u00fdnum; t\u00f3nsk\u00e1ldi\u00f0 g\u00e6ti haft engan frekari \u00e1setning heldur en \u00feetta skemmtilega samspil. Er \u00fe\u00e1 \u00fear me\u00f0 sagt a\u00f0 t\u00f3nlistin hafi ekkert vi\u00f0fangsefni? H\u00fan hefur a\u00f0fer\u00f0, grunnefni, og e.t.v. form og fagurfr\u00e6\u00f0ilegan \u00e1ttavita, en \u00fea\u00f0 er \u00fe\u00e1 \u00ed h\u00f6ndum \u00e1heyrenda\/t\u00falkenda a\u00f0 vega og meta hva\u00f0 \u00feessi t\u00f3nlist sn\u00fdst um?<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

AI<\/strong>: M\u00e9r finnst mj\u00f6g heillandi s\u00fa mynd af listaverkinu sem t.d. Proust dregur upp (skv. Deleuze (sj\u00e1 <\/span>Proust et les signes<\/span><\/i>)) a\u00f0 listaverki\u00f0 s\u00e9 merkingarv\u00e9l sem starfar a\u00f0 miklu leyti \u00f3h\u00e1\u00f0 vilja listamannsins. \u00deetta hef \u00e9g reyndar oft upplifa\u00f0 sj\u00e1lfur. Getum vi\u00f0 ekki veri\u00f0 samm\u00e1la um a\u00f0 vi\u00f0fangsefni\u00f0 s\u00e9 \u00fea\u00f0 sem kalla m\u00e6tti snertifl\u00f6t verksins vi\u00f0 heiminn?\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00fa skal \u00e9g draga upp fyrir \u00fe\u00e9r mynd sem \u00fe\u00fa \u00feekkir m\u00e6ta vel \u00fe\u00f3tt \u00fe\u00fa notir kannski \u00f6nnur or\u00f0 um hana: \u00cd t\u00f3nsm\u00ed\u00f0akennslu lei\u00f0ir kennarinn nemandann um \u00ferj\u00fa sv\u00e6\u00f0i. M\u00e9r finnst \u00e9g oftast gera \u00fea\u00f0 \u00ed vissri r\u00f6\u00f0, en \u00fea\u00f0 getur veri\u00f0 allur gangur \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed. Fyrst er <\/span>t\u00e6knin<\/span><\/i>, h\u00fan fjallar um samband einingar (t\u00f3ns, lengdargildis, styrks o.s.frv.) vi\u00f0 a\u00f0rar einingar, svo er \u00fea\u00f0 <\/span>fagurfr\u00e6\u00f0in <\/span><\/i>sem fjallar um samband verks vi\u00f0 \u00f6nnur verk, s\u00ed\u00f0ast er \u00fea\u00f0 svo <\/span>andinn<\/span><\/i> e\u00f0a <\/span>s\u00fdnin <\/span><\/i>sem fjallar um samband i\u00f0ju vi\u00f0 heiminn, veruleikann, andann e\u00f0a hva\u00f0 \u00fe\u00fa vilt kalla \u00fea\u00f0. \u00deetta \u00feri\u00f0ja m\u00e6tti l\u00edklega kalla vi\u00f0fangsefni. \u00c9g heyr\u00f0i skemmtilega \u00fatlistun \u00e1 \u00feessu hj\u00e1 Massimo Santanicchia \u00ed arkitekt\u00farnum um daginn. Hann sag\u00f0i: Vi\u00f0 getum sagt nemanda a\u00f0 byggja br\u00fa yfir \u00e1 (t\u00e6kni), vi\u00f0 getum sagt honum a\u00f0 koma manneskju yfir \u00e1na, hvernig sem hann k\u00fds a\u00f0 gera \u00fea\u00f0 (fagurfr\u00e6\u00f0i), e\u00f0a vi\u00f0 getum sagt honum a\u00f0 \u00edhuga hvort s\u00e9 yfirleitt \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0a til a\u00f0 fara yfir \u00e1na (hugmyndafr\u00e6\u00f0in).<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Listama\u00f0urinn hefur \u00e1hrif \u00e1 ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0una h\u00e9r, en bara upp a\u00f0 vissu marki.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00dea\u00f0 g\u00e6ti veri\u00f0 tiltekinn loka\u00e1fangi \u00ed spjalli okkar a\u00f0 sama hvernig er fari\u00f0 me\u00f0 hr\u00e1efni, frumefni e\u00f0a efni, hvort \u00fea\u00f0 byggir \u00e1 bjarghyggju e\u00f0a algj\u00f6ru slembi, \u00fe\u00e1 kemst listama\u00f0urinn ekki undan vi\u00f0fangsefninu. Hins vegar veit \u00e9g ekki hversu tr\u00faver\u00f0ugur hann er ef hann \u00e1kve\u00f0ur sp\u00e1mannslega a\u00f0 ekki eigi a\u00f0 fara yfir \u00e1na; og svo komumst vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 hann kann alls ekki a\u00f0 byggja br\u00fdr…<\/span>\u00a0en \u00fea\u00f0 er svo sem h\u00e6pi\u00f0 l\u00edka a\u00f0 ver\u00f0a a\u00f0 fara yfir \u00e1na bara af \u00fev\u00ed \u00fe\u00fa kannt a\u00f0 byggja br\u00fa. Alltaf spurning um erindi\u00f0<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

ETE<\/strong>: <\/span>Merking og vi\u00f0fangsefni; hvort tveggja getur veri\u00f0 erfitt a\u00f0 negla ni\u00f0ur \u2013 hva\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1 a\u00f0 vinna me\u00f0 markvisst \u2013 og eflaust er h\u00e9r fl\u00f3ki\u00f0 samspil \u00ed gangi \u00fev\u00ed einmitt er \u00feetta snertipunktur listaverks vi\u00f0 heiminn (og \u00feeir punktar eru \u00f3endanlegir). \u00c9g er \u00fe\u00f3 \u00feeirrar sko\u00f0unar a\u00f0 h\u00e6gt s\u00e9 a\u00f0 ramma inn vi\u00f0fangsefni\u00f0 og tengja \u00fea\u00f0 vi\u00f0 grunnefni og efnist\u00f6k, l\u00e1ta \u00fea\u00f0 vinna saman a\u00f0 sameiginlegu markmi\u00f0i, en \u00fea\u00f0 er alls ekki v\u00edst a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 skili s\u00e9r til \u00e1heyrenda, einmitt vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 merkingin er \u00f3\u00fatreiknanleg (nema kannski \u00fear sem unni\u00f0 er me\u00f0 sk\u00fdran texta \u00ed forgrunni). Vi\u00f0fangsefni\u00f0 er nefnilega t\u00falka\u00f0 fyrst af t\u00f3nsk\u00e1ldinu, ef \u00fea\u00f0 vinnur me\u00f0 sl\u00edkt efni yfir h\u00f6fu\u00f0. \u00deetta er eitthva\u00f0 sem kallar \u00e1 mikla reynslu og er \u00fev\u00ed erfitt a\u00f0 kenna, og vissulega geta nemendur yfirleitt svara\u00f0 \u201ehva\u00f0\u201c \u00feau eru a\u00f0 semja, og \u201ehvernig\u201c \u00feau gera \u00fea\u00f0, en eiga erfitt me\u00f0 \u201eaf hverju\u201c (\u00fev\u00ed stundum kemur \u00fea\u00f0 miklu seinna). \u00dea\u00f0 er samt gr\u00ed\u00f0arlega \u00e1hugavert hvernig vi\u00f0fangsefni\u00f0 er me\u00f0h\u00f6ndla\u00f0 fr\u00e1 sj\u00f3narh\u00f3li t\u00f3nsk\u00e1ldsins, og hvernig \u00fea\u00f0 smitar efni\u00f0 og a\u00f0fer\u00f0ir, en \u00fea\u00f0 er mi\u00f0lun \u00ed \u00f6\u00f0ru formi sem stundum er h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 m\u00e1ta vi\u00f0 upplifun t\u00f3nverksins. Og stundum smellur \u00feetta, stundum til h\u00e1lfs e\u00f0a \u00feri\u00f0jungs, og stundum ekki. \u00deetta er eins og heimur inni \u00ed heimi me\u00f0 \u00f3fyrirsj\u00e1anlegt himnufl\u00e6\u00f0i; efnafr\u00e6\u00f0i, l\u00edffr\u00e6\u00f0i og hugmyndafr\u00e6\u00f0i allt \u00ed senn.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

AI<\/strong>: Satt segir\u00f0u. Og \u00fe\u00e1 fer ma\u00f0ur a\u00f0 hugsa um \u00e1byrg\u00f0. B\u00edddu, engar reglur, bara \u00e1byrg\u00f0, er \u00fea\u00f0 virkilega sta\u00f0a t\u00f3nsk\u00e1ldsins? Nei, skyldum vi\u00f0 nokku\u00f0 \u00feurfa a\u00f0 hafa \u00e1hyggjur af \u00fev\u00ed? \u00c9g held \u00e9g f\u00e1i m\u00e9r kaffi.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0—<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> Vi\u00f0 n\u00e1nari eftirgrennslan fannst heimild: \u00ed <\/span><\/span>Handbuch<\/span> der <\/span>Harmonielehre<\/span><\/span> (1890) eftir Hugo <\/span>Riemann<\/span> er tala\u00f0 um \u2018<\/span>das<\/span> Material<\/span>\u2019 \u00ed tengslum vi\u00f0 hlj\u00f3mfr\u00e6\u00f0i.\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> \u00deau eru eflaust \u00ed \u00fdmsu formi en merkilegt rit sem m\u00e6tti benda \u00e1 \u00ed \u00feessu samhengi er <\/span><\/span>Arca<\/span> Musarithmica<\/span><\/span>(1650)<\/span><\/span> sem tekur \u00e1 \u00fdmsum hj\u00e1lpart\u00e6kjum til t\u00f3nsk\u00f6punar. Sj\u00e1 n\u00fdlega grein um \u00feetta: Cashner, A. A., (2024) \u201cAthanasius Kircher’s Arca musarithmica (1650) as a Computational System\u201d, Journal of Creative Music Systems 8(1). doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5920\/jcms.1325<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

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